CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9 Social Science Set 1

 

Question 1:
What was Tithe?
Answer:
A tax levied by the church, comprising one-tenth of the agricultural produce.

 

Question 2:
Which steps were taken by the Convention on 21 September 1792?
Answer:
It abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic.

 

Question 3:
Give the name of the southern half of the eastern coastal strip of India.
Answer:
Coromandel Coast.

 

Question 4:
Which drainage pattern does the Ganga river form?
Answer:
Dendritic drainage pattern.

 

Question 5:
Which is the northernmost point of the Ganga Delta?
Answer:
Farakka.

 

Question 6:
What does the true democracy involve?
Answer:
It involves active participation by the people.

 

Question 7:
What was the expenditure percentage of GDP in 1951-52 on education?
Answer:
0.64%

 

Question 8:
Who were the Conservatives? What was their viewpoint?
Answer:
Conservatives were opposed to radicals and liberals. After the French Revolution, however, even conservatives had opened their minds to the need for change. Earlier, in the eighteenth century, conservatives had been generally opposed to the idea of change. By the nineteenth century, they accepted that some change was inevitable but believed that the past had to be respected and change had to be brought about through a slow process.

 

Question 9:
Describe the impact of First World War on European society and polity.
Answer:
The First World War left a deep impact on European society and polity.
Soldiers came to be placed above civilians. Politicians and publicists laid great stress on the need for men to be aggressive, strong and masculine. The media glorified trench life. The truth, however, was the soldiers lived miserable lives in these trenches, trapped with rats feeding on corpses. They faced poisonous gas and enemy shelling and witnessed their ranks reduce rapidly. Aggressive war propaganda and national honour occupied centre stage in the public sphere, while popular support grew for conservative dictatorships that had recently come into being.

 

Question 10:
What is the longitudinal extent of India and what are its implications?
Answer:
India is a vast country situated between longitudes 68°7’E and 97°25’E. Due to almost 30°
longitudinal extent of mainland, there is a time lag of 2 hours between Gujarat and Arunachal Pradesh. Hence, time along the Standard Meridian of India (82°30’E) passing through Mirzapur (in U.P.) is taken as the standard time for the whole country.

 

Question 11:
Describe any three important features of the Krishna Basin.
Answer:
(i) The Krishna river rises from a spring near Mahabaleshwar, flows eastward for about 1400 km and reaches the Bay of Bengal.
(ii) Its important tributaries are : the Tungabhadra, the Koyana, the Ghatprabha, the Musi and the Bhima.
(ii) Krishna’s drainage basin is shared by Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

 

Question 12:
Give an account of the Deccan Plateau.
Answer:
The Deccan Plateau is a triangular landmass that lies to the south of the river Narmada. The
Satpura range flanks its broad base in the north while the Mahadev, the Kaimur hills and the Maikal range form its eastern extensions. The Deccan Plateau is higher in the west and slopes gently eastwards. An extension of the plateau in the northeast comprises Meghalaya, Karbi- Anglong plateau and North Cachar Hills. Three prominent hill ranges from the west to east are the Garo, the Khasi and the Jaintia Hills. The Westerns Ghats and the Eastern Ghats mark the western and eastern edges of the Deccan Plateau respectively.

 

Question 13:
Write about the South African leader Nelson Mandela. He formed the African National Congress.
Answer:
(ANC) for fighting the apartheid system in South Africa. He and seven other prominent leaders were sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964 for opposing the apartheid regime in his country. He spent the next 27 years in South Africa’s most dreaded prison, Robben Island. After 27 years of imprisonment, he was released in 1990. Due to his efforts and struggle, Apartheid was dismantled and on 26 April, 1994, the new Republic of South Africa was born. He was elected the first President of new South Africa. He was also awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. He died on 5th December, 2013.

 

Question 14:
Which three rights should every citizen of a democratic country get?
Answer:
(i) All adult citizens should have the right to elect representatives and be elected as representatives.
(ii) Each adult citizen must have one vote and each vote must have one value.
(iii) Each citizen must enjoy the right to life, equality, freedom of speech and expression.

 

Question 15:
What is the importance of a constitution in a democratic country?
Answer:
(i) Constitution is the supreme law of a country that determines the relationship among people and also the relationship between the people and government.
(ii) It generates great degree of trust, coordination necessary for different kinds of people to live together. It also expresses
the aspirations of the people about creating a good society.
(iii) A constitution specifies how the government will be constituted, who will have power to take which decisions. It also lays down limits on the powers of the government and specifies the rights and duties of citizens.

 

Question 16:
State three reasons of calling raw material and money as working capital.
Answer:
(i) Production requires a variety of raw materials such as the yam used by a weaver and the clay used by a potter.
(ii) Some amount of money is always required during production to make various payments and buy other necessary items.
(iii) Unlike tools, machines and buildings, raw materials and money are directly used up in production.

 

Question 17:
Modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in the industry. Why?
Answer:
Modem farming methods require tractors, threshers, combines to plough land and harvest crops. Fertilisers, pesticides and weedicides are required in large quantities. These are manufactured in the industries. Modem means of irrigation such as tube-wells, pumpsets, sprinklers are manufactured in factories. HYV seeds require plenty of irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides. All of these inputs are supplied by industries.

 

Question 18:
Define production. Explain the role of labour in production.
Answer:
Production is to produce the goods and services that we want. There are four requirements for
production of goods and services – land, labour, capital, knowledge and enterprise.
Labour is an important factor of production. A producer needs people who will do the work. Some activities require skilled and semi-skilled labour whereas others require workers who can do manual work. Each worker is providing the labour necessary for production.

 

Question 19A:
Explain any four ideas of Dietrich Brandis for the management of forests in India during British period.
Answer:
Dietrich Brandis was a German forest expert, who was appointed the first Inspector General of Forests in India.
(i) Brandis proposed that a proper system had to be introduced to manage the forests and people had to be trained in the
science of conservation. This system required royal sanction.
(ii) Rules about the use of forest resources had to be framed.
(iii) Felling of trees and grazing had to be restricted so that forests could be preserved for timber production. Anybody who cut trees without following the system had to be punished.
(iv) Brandis set up the Indian Forest Service in 1864 and helped formulate the Indian Forest Act of 1865. The Imperial Forest Research Institute was set up at Dehradun in 1906. The students at the institute were taught scientific forestry.

OR

Question 19B:
Why are Maasais of Africa continuously losing their grazing grounds? Explain any four reasons.
Answer:
(i) In the late 19th century, European imperial powers scrambled for territorial possessions in Africa, slicing up the Maasailand into different categories.
(ii) In 1885, Maasailand was cut into half with an international boundary between British Kenya and German Tanganyika.
(iii) The best grazing lands were gradually taken over for white settlement and the Maasai were pushed into a small area in south Kenya and north Tanzania. Thus, the Maasai lost about 60 per cent of their pre-colonial lands.
(iv) From the late 19th century, the British colonial government in east Africa also encouraged local peasant communities to expand cultivation. As cultivation expanded, pasture lands were turned into cultivated fields.

OR

Question 19C:
How did the Enclosure Movement benefit Britain? Explain any four benefits.
Answer:
(i) In earlier times, rapid population growth was most often followed by a period of food shortages. After the Enclosure Movement, grain production grew as quickly as population. In 1868, England produced about 80 per cent of the food it consumed.
(ii) Landlords sliced up pasture lands, carved up open fields, cut up forest commons, took over marshes, and turned larger and larger areas into agricultural fields.
(iii) To restore fertility and increase production, farmers began growing turnip and clover. Enclosures were now seen as necessary to make long-term investments on land and plan crop rotations to improve the fertility of the soil.

 

Question 20A:
Describe the similarities in effects caused by colonial policies on the lives of Indians and African nomads.
Answer:
The colonial policies led to a serious shortage of pastures. As grazing lands were taken over and converted into cultivable fields, available pastures disappeared. Reservation of forests put a restriction on shepherds and cattle herders as they could no longer freely graze their cattle in the forests. This led to continuous intensive grazing over remaining pastures. This, in turn, created further shortage of forage for animals. Animal stock declined and underfed cattle died in large numbers during scarcities and famines.

OR

Question 20B:
The spread of railways from the 1850s created which new demands on the
Indian forests and how were they met with? Explain.
Answer:
The spread of railways from the 1850s created a new demand. Railways were essential for colonial trade and for the movement of imperial troops. To run locomotives, wood was needed as fuel, and to lay railway lines sleepers were essential to hold the tracks together. Each mile of railway track required between 1,760 and 2,000 sleepers.
From the 1860, the railway network expanded rapidly. By 1890, about 25,500 km of track had been laid. In 1946, the length of the tracks had increased to over 765,000 km. As the railway tracks spread through India, a larger and larger number of trees were felled. As early as the 1850, in the Madras Presidency alone, 35,000 trees were being cut annually for sleepers. The government gave out contracts to individuals to supply the required quantities. These contractors began cutting trees indiscriminately. Forests around the railway tracks fast started disappearing.

OR

Question 20C:
Why were the British keen on growing opium in India?
Answer:
In the late 18th Century, English East India Company bought large quantities of tea and silk from China for sale in England. As tea became a popular drink in England, by 1830, 30 million Pounds of tea was exported to England. But England at that time produced nothing that could be easily sold in China. The Manchu rulers were not willing to allow entry of foreign goods into China. This meant western merchants had to spend a large number of silver coins or bullions to buy Chinese tea and silk. This meant an outflow of treasure from England. So, the merchants began looking for ways to stop loss of bullion. So, western merchants began illegal trade of opium in China to finance their purchase of Chinese tea. Chinese became addicted to opium. Bengal and Bihar became the areas where the opium was grown in large quantity.

 

Question 21:
How is the climate of India governed by the atmospheric conditions? Explain with three suitable examples.
Answer:
The climate of India is governed by three atmospheric conditions :
(i) Pressure and surface winds
(ii) Upper air circulation
(iii) Western cyclonic disturbances and tropical cyclones
The pressure and wind conditions over India are unique. During winter, high pressure develops north of the Himalayas, and cold dry winds blow to the south. In summer, a low pressure area develops over interior Asia as well as over north-western India. This causes complete reversal of winds. These winds blow over the ocean and get moisture. They bring rainfall over India. The upper air circulation in the region is dominated by westerly flow. The jet stream is an important flow. These jet streams are located approximately over 27°-30° north latitude. Over India these jet streams blow south of the Himalayas.
The western disturbances experienced in the north and most western parts of the country are brought in by the westerly flow.

 

Question 22:
In which four ways does parliament exercise political authority on behalf of the people?
Answer:
(i) Parliament is the final authority for making laws in any country. Parliaments all over the world can make new laws, change existing laws, or abolish existing laws and make new ones in their place.
(ii) Parliaments all over the world exercise some control over those who run the government. In some countries like India this control is direct and full. The government can take decisions only so long as they enjoy support of the parliament.
(iii) In most countries the public money can be spent only when the parliament sanctions it.
(iv) Parliament is the highest forum for discussion and debate on public issues and national ’ policy in any country.

 

Question 23:
What do you mean by the Rule of Law?
Answer:
The Constitution says that the government shall not deny to any person in India equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws. It means that the laws apply in the same manner to all, regardless of a person’s status. This is called the rule of law. Rule of law is the foundation of any democracy. It means that no person is above the law. There cannot be any distinction between a political leader, government official and an ordinary citizen. Every citizen, from the Prime Minister to a small farmer in a remote village, is subjected to the same laws. No person can legally claim any special treatment or privilege just because he or she happens to be an important person. The rule of law is further clarified in the Constitution by spelling out some implication of the Right to Equality.

 

Question 24:
Which states are more food insecure in India?
Answer:
The food insecure people are disproportionately large in some regions of the country, such as economically backward states with high incidence of poverty, tribal and remote areas, regions more prone to natural disasters, etc. The states of Uttar Pradesh (eastern and south-eastern parts), Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and parts of Maharashtra account for the largest number of food insecure people in the country.

 

Question 25:
How is poverty line estimated in India? Mention three dimensions of food security.
Answer:
A common method used to measure poverty is based on the income or consumption levels.
While determining the poverty line in India, minimum level of food requirement, clothing, footwear, fuel and light, educational and medical requirements, etc. are determined for subsistence. These physical quantities are multiplied by their prices in rupees. The present formula for food requirement while estimating the poverty line is based on the desired calorie requirement. The accepted average calorie requirement in India is 2400 calories per person per day in urban areas. Food security means affording more than getting two square meals. It has following dimensions:
(i) Availability of food : It means food production within the country, food imports and the previous years stock stored in government granaries.
(ii) Accessibility : This means that food should be within reach of every person. It should not be available at far-off places.
(iii) Affordability : This implies that an individual has enough money to buy sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet one’s dietary needs.

 

Question 26:
Locate and label the following on the given outline map of France.
(i) Bordeaux
(ii) Nantes
Answer:

 

Question 27:
Locate and label the following on the given outline map of world.
(i) France — Allied Power during First World War.
(ii) Italy — Axis Power during Second World War.
Answer:

 

Question 28:
Locate and Label the following on the given outline political map of India.
(i) Chennai
(ii) Jodhpur
(iii) Corbett National Park

Note : The following questions are for the blind candidates only in lieu of Q. No. 26, 27 and 28.
(28.1) Name a port city in France which was famous for slave trade.
(28.2) Name an Axis power during Second World War.
(28.3) Name the kind of forest found in Arunachal Pradesh.
(28.4) In which state is Corbett National Park located?
(28.5) Which state has the highest density of population (as per 2011 Census)?
Answer:
(28.1) Nantes
(28.2) Italy
(28.3) Montane forests
(28.4) Uttarakhand
(28.5) Bihar

 

 

 

CBSE Solved Question Papers for Class 9 Social Science Set 2

 

Question 1:
What was a guillotine?
Answer:
It was a device comprising two poles and a blade with which a person was
beheaded during
the French Revolution.

 

Question 2:
When did Germany surrender to the Allies?
Answer:
Germany surrendered to the Allies in May, 1945.

 

Question 3:
Which type of drainage pattern does an area have where hard and soft rocks exist parallel to each other?
Answer:
Trellis drainage pattern.

 

Question 4:
Which land form of India is a major source of water and forest wealth?
Answer:
The Himalayan Mountains.

 

Question 5:
Between which latitudes does mainland of India extend?
Answer:
Between 8°4’N and 37°6’N.

 

Question 6:
What do we call a state where head of the state is an elected and not a hereditary person?
Answer:
Republic

Question 7:
In the village Palampur, from whom do the small farmers used to borrow money to arrange capital?
Answer:
From large farmers or moneylenders or traders.

 

Question 8:
Describe any three changes that took place in Germany after the passing of the famous Enabling Act of 1933.
Answer:
(i) This Act established dictatorship in Germany. It gave Hitler all powers to sideline parliament and rule by decree.
(ii) All political parties and trade unions were banned except for the Nazi party and its affiliates.
(iii) The state established complete control over the economy, media, army and judiciary.

 

Question 9:
Identify the conditions of workers in socialist society.
Answer:
Workers in a socialist society are looked after well. They are paid enough wages and the working conditions are improved. They have regular employment in factories and are given extra benefits. They have regular employment. They have a say in the management of industries. Peasants are given land to till. Housing and sanitation problems are well looked after. There is a socioeconomic equality in society.

 

Question 10:
Name the outermost range of the Himalayas. Write any two characteristics of it.
Answer:
The outermost range of the Himalayas is called the Shiwaliks. They extend over a width of 1050 km and have an altitude varying between 900 and 1100 metres. These ranges are composed of unconsolidated sediments brought down by rivers from the main Himalayan ranges located farther north. These valleys are covered with thick gravel and alluvium. The longitudinal valley lying between lesser Himalayas and the Shiwaliks are known as Duns.

 

Question 11:
Describe the main features of the eastern extension of the Central Highland.
Answer:
The peninsular plateau consists of two broad divisions, namely, the Central Highlands and the
Deccan plateau. The Central Highlands are wider in the west but narrower in the east. The eastward extensions of this plateau are locally known as the Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand. The Chhotanagpur plateau marks the further eastward extension, drained by the Damodar river. An extension of the plateau
is also visible in the northeast called the Meghalaya, Karbi-Anglong plateau and North Cachar Hills.

 

Question 12:
How were the Great Northern Plains of India formed? Explain.
Answer:
The formation of the Himalayas due to upliftment of sediments out of the Tethys Sea and subsidence of the northern flank of the Peninsular Plateau resulted in the formation of a large basin. Over millions of years this depression gradually got filled up with alluvium deposited by the three major river systems – the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra flowing from the Himalayas in the north. Sediments were also deposited by the tributaries of these rivers rising from the mountains in the north as well as the Peninsular Plateau to its south. As a result, the fertile Indo-Gangetic or Northern Plains, and the Brahmaputra Plain in the northeast, were formed.
As the Himalayas gained in height, the rivers, glaciers and other agents of denudation became increasingly active in erosion. As a result, large amount of silt got deposited in the shrinking Tethys.

 

Question 13:
Describe three common features of non-democratic countries.
Answer:
(i) Non-democratic countries do not offer political equality. There is limited right to vote
based on property or other qualification.
(ii) Head of the government is not directly elected by people.
(iii) There is no provision for free and fair election.

 

Question 14:
“Mahatma Gandhi was not a member of the Constituent Assembly, yet there were many members who followed his mission.” Explain any three values that we also must follow from the life that he led?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi spelt out his vision of the constitution in Young India in 1931.
(i) He insisted on social and economic equality, ‘there shall be no high class and low class of people.’
(ii) He emphasised on perfect harmony among all communities.
(iii) He was against untouchability and against intoxicating drinks and drugs.
(iv) He called for giving equal rights to women at par with men.

 

Question 15:
Define democracy and elaborate any two common features of it.
Answer:
Democracy is a form of government in which the rulers are elected by the people.
(i) Rulers elected by the people take all the major decisions.
(ii) Elections offer a choice and fair opportunity to the people to change their current rulers. This choice and opportunity is available to all the people on an
equal basis; and the exercise of this choice leads to a government limited by basic rules of the constitution and citizens’ rights.

 

Question 16:
Explain briefly three differences between market and non-market activities.
Answer:
(i) Market activities involve remumeration to any one who performs an activity for pay or profit. Non-market activities are the production for self¬consumption.
(ii) Market activities include production of goods or services including government service. Non-market activities are consumption, processing of primary product and own account production of fixed assets.
(iii) Market activities involve profit motive but non-market activities involve satisfaction.

 

Question 17:
Define production. Explain the role of labour in production.
Answer:
Production is to produce the goods and services that we want. There are four requirements for production of goods and services – land, labour, capital, knowledge and enterprise. Labour is an important factor of production. A producer needs people who will do the work. Some activities require skilled and semi-skilled labour whereas others require workers who can do manual work. Each worker is providing the labour necessary for production.

 

Question 18:
Explain the ways by which small and large farmers arrange capital for farming?
Answer:
Most small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the capital. They borrow from large farmers or the village moneylenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation. The rate of interest on such loans is very high. They are put to great distress to repay the loan. In contrast to the small farmers, the medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. They are thus able to arrange for the capital needed. Large farmers also take up allied activities such as setting up mills, brick kilns, etc. to supplement their income. Thus, for them there is no dearth of capital.

 

Question 19A:
Describe scientific forestry.
Answer:
In scientific forestry, natural forests which had lots of different types of trees were cut down. In their place one type of tree was planted in straight rows. This is called a plantation. Forest officials surveyed the forests, estimated the area under different types of trees and made working plans for forest management. They planned how much of the plantation area to cut every year. The area cut was then to be replanted so that it was ready to be cut again in some years.

OR
Question 19B:
‘In Maasailand, as elsewhere in Africa, not all pastoralists were equally affected by the changes in the colonial period.’ Explain.
Answer:
In pre-colonial times, Maasai society was divided into elders and warriors. To administer the affairs of Maasai, the British appointed chiefs who were made responsible for the affairs of the people. These chiefs often accumulated wealth with which they could buy animals, goods and land. They lent money to poor neighbours who needed to pay taxes.
Many of them began living in cities and became involved in trade. Their wives and children stayed back in villages to look after animals. These chiefs managed to survive the devastation of war and drought. They had both pastoral and non-pastoral income.
But the poor pastoralists who depended only on their livestock did not have resources to tide over bad times. In times of war and famines, they lost nearly everything and had to look for work in towns.

OR

Question 19C:
Discuss: why the British Parliament passed the Enclosure Acts.
Answer:
Till the middle of the eighteenth century the Enclosure Movement proceeded very slowly. The early enclosures were usually
created by individual landlords. They were not supported by the state or the Church. After the mid-eighteenth century, however, the Enclosure Movement swept through the countryside, changing the English landscape forever. Between 1750 and 1850, 6 million acres of land was enclosed. The British Parliament no longer watched this progress from a distance. It passed 4,000 Acts legalising these Enclosures.

 

Question 20A:
Who are the pastoral nomads? Describe their characteristic features. Answer:
Pastoral nomads are pastoralist who keep a heard of cattles such as sheep and goats and move from one place to another in search of pasture for their cattle. Their chief features:
(i) They follow a cyclic movement in search of pastures for their cattle between summer and winter.
(ii) Their movement is mainly to adjust to seasonal changes and make the utmost use of available pastures in various places.
(iii) The pastoralists herd sheep, goats and other cattle. They consume their milk and meat and also sell them. They sell wool of sheeps.
(iv) Many pastoralists also cultivate land and engage in petty trades.

OR

Question 20B:
The spread of railways led to which new demands on forests in India after 1850s? Explain.
Answer:
The spread of railways after the 1850s led to a lot of pressure on Indian forests.
(i) Railways were required to expand due to colonial trade and movement of troops inland.
(ii) Wood was needed as fuel to run locomotives.
(iii) To lay railway tracks sleepers of wood were required in large numbers. Each mile of railway track required between 1760
to 2000 sleepers.
(iv) Thousands of trees were cut to meet the demands of railways annually. For example, In 1850, 35000 trees were cut annually in Madras Presidency alone. The government assigned the supply of sleepers to contractors who began destroying forests indiscriminately.

OR

Question 20C:
What were the effects of Enclosure Movement on the poor peasants in England?
Answer:
The poor peasants stood to lose in all aspects :
(i) They could not collect firewood from the forests or graze their cattle on the common pastures.
(ii) They could no longer collect fruits and other products from forests or hunt small animals and birds for meat.
(iii) They could no longer collect leftover and stalks from the field after the harvest. Everything belonged to the landlords and everything had to be purchased.
(iv) The poors were displaced from their land and villages. They wandered around in search of work as most of them were unemployed.
(v) The wages of labourers were reduced and they were employed only during sowing and harvesting seasons. Work became insecure, employment uncertain and income unstable. A large number of workforce had no work.

 

Question 21:
(a) What is the difference between climate and weather? (b) Define Ecosystem.
Answer:
(a) Climate is the term given to the weather conditions which are derived after the study of around thirty or more years. Data of these many years is compiled, analysed and then their average sum is calculated and it is termed as climate. But weather is the state of atmospheric conditions of any particular area at any particular time. It means that weather of any place can change in a day, but it will remain in the same category of climate.
(b) Every part of the world has its own climate which is quite diverse. Due to
this diversity in climatic conditions, different types of vegetation and animals are found there. Sun is the main source of energy for every living organism. Thus, every region has a typical climate with characteristic vegetation and wildlife. Together they form a system where each component is interrelated and interlinked with one another. This is called an “Ecosystem.”

 

Question 22:
What was the reaction of the people to the implementation of Mandal Commission Report?
Answer:
The implementation of the Mandal Commission Report led to widespread protests and counterprotests, some of which were violent. People reacted strongly because this decision affected thousands of job opportunities. Some felt that job reservations were essential to cope up with the inequalities among people of different castes in India. Others felt that this was unfair as it would deny equality of opportunity to people who did not belong to the backward communities. They would be denied jobs even if they were more qualified.

 

Question 23:
Explain the Right to Freedom.
Answer:
Freedom means the absence of constraints and is very necessary in democracy. So, under the Indian Constitution, all citizens have the right to :
(i) Freedom of speech and expression.
(ii) Freedom to assemble in a peaceful manner without arms.
(iv) Freedom to form associations and unions.
(v) Freedom to move freely throughout the country.
(vi) Freedom to reside in any part of the country.
(vii) Freedom to practise any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.
Every citizen has the right to all these freedoms. That means a citizen cannot exercise his/her freedom in such a manner that violates others’ right to freedom. Freedom should not cause public nuisance or disorder. Freedom is not unlimited license to do what one wants.

 

Question 24:
When was the Rationing System introduced in India? Name the three food intervention programmes introduced in India.
Answer:
The introduction of Rationing in India dates back to the 1940s against the backdrop of the Bengal famine. The rationing system was revived in the wake of an acute food shortage during the 1960s, prior to the Green Revolution. As per report of the NSSO in the mid-1970s, three important food intervention programmes were introduced :
(i) Public Distribution System (PDS) for foodgrains to be strengthened.
(ii) Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) introduced in 1975 on an experimental basis.
(iii) Food-for-Work [FFW] programme introduced in 1977-78.

 

Question 25:
‘Analysis of poverty based on social exclusion and vulnerability is now becoming very common.’ Explain.
Answer:
According to the concept of social exclusion, poverty must be seen in terms of the poor having to live only in a poor surrounding with other poor people, excluded from enjoying social equality of better-off people in better surroundings. Social exclusion can be a cause as well as a consequence of poverty in the usual sense. It is a process through which persons or groups are excluded from facilities, benefits and opportunities that others enjoy. A typical example is people belonging to certain low castes.
Vulnerability to poverty is a measure, which describes the greater probability of certain communities (say, backward castes, widows, disabled persons) of becoming or remaining poor in future. Vulnerability is determined by the options available to different communities for finding an alternative living in terms of assets, education, health and job opportunities. Further, it is analysed on the basis of the greater risks these groups face during natural calamities, terrorism, etc.

 

Question 26:
Locate and label the following on the given outline map of France.
(i) Paris (ii) Marseilles
Answer:

 

Question 27:
Two items A and B are marked on the given outline map of world. Identify
these with the help of the given information and write their correct names.
(A) A major Central Power during the First World War.
(B) A major Allied Power during Second World War.
Answer:

 

Question 28:
Two items A and B are shown on given outline political map of India. Identify these items with the help of following information and write their correct names.
(A) Place receiving maximum annual rainfall.
(B) Area receiving rainfall less than 40 cm but more than 20 cm.
On the same map of India, locate and label the following item with appropriate symbol:
(C) Sunderbans

Note : The following questions are for the Blind Candidates only, in lieu of Q. No. 26, 27 and 28.
(28.1) Name a major Central Power during the First World War.
(28.2) Name a major Allied Power during the Second World War.
(28.3) Name an area of Mangrove forest in West Bengal.
(28.4) Name a bird sanctuary in Rajasthan.
(28.5) Name the place with the highest amount of rainfall.
Answer:
(28.1) Germany
(28.2) USA
(28.3) Sunderbans
(28.4) Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary
(28.5) Mawsynram